Vytvorte chatový server pomocou Matrix Synapse a Riot na CentOS 7

Matrix je otvorený štandardný komunikačný protokol pre decentralizovanú komunikáciu v reálnom čase. Matrix je implementovaný ako domáce servery, ktoré sú distribuované cez internet; preto neexistuje jediný bod kontroly alebo zlyhania. Matrix poskytuje RESTful HTTP API na vytváranie a správu distribuovaných chatových serverov, ktoré zahŕňajú odosielanie a prijímanie správ, pozývanie a správu členov chatovacej miestnosti, udržiavanie používateľských účtov a poskytovanie pokročilých chatovacích funkcií, ako sú VoIP a video hovory atď. Matrix tiež vytvára zabezpečená synchronizácia medzi domácimi servermi, ktoré sú distribuované po celom svete.

Synapse je implementácia domovského servera Matrix napísaná tímom Matrix. Ekosystém Matrix pozostáva zo siete mnohých federovaných domácich serverov distribuovaných po celom svete. Používateľ Matrix používa chatového klienta na pripojenie k domovskému serveru, ktorý sa následne pripája k sieti Matrix. Homeserver ukladá históriu chatu a prihlasovacie informácie konkrétneho používateľa.

Predpoklady

• Inštancia servera Vultr CentOS 7.
• Sudo používateľ .

V tomto návode budeme používať matrix.example.comako názov domény používaný pre Matrix Synapse. Nahraďte všetky výskyty matrix.example.comsvojho skutočného názvu domény, ktorý chcete použiť pre váš domovský server Synapse.

Aktualizujte svoj základný systém pomocou príručky Ako aktualizovať CentOS 7 . Po aktualizácii systému pokračujte v inštalácii Pythonu.

Nainštalujte vývojové nástroje

Matrix Synapse potrebuje na fungovanie Python 2.7. Python 2.7 je predinštalovaný vo všetkých inštanciách servera CentOS. Môžete skontrolovať nainštalovanú verziu Pythonu.

python -V

Mali by ste dostať podobný výstup.

[user@vultr ~]$ python -V
Python 2.7.5

Zmena predvolenej verzie Pythonu môže poškodiť správcu úložiska YUM. Ak však chcete najnovšiu verziu Pythonu, môžete vykonať alternatívnu inštaláciu bez toho, aby ste nahradili predvolený Python.

Nainštalujte balíky v Development toolsskupine, ktoré sú potrebné na kompiláciu inštalačných súborov.

sudo yum groupinstall -y "Development tools"

Nainštalujte niekoľko ďalších požadovaných závislostí.

sudo yum -y install libtiff-devel libjpeg-devel libzip-devel freetype-devel lcms2-devel libwebp-devel tcl-devel tk-devel redhat-rpm-config python-virtualenv libffi-devel openssl-devel 

Nainštalujte Python pip. Pip je správca závislostí pre balíky Python.

wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
sudo python get-pip.py

Nainštalujte Synapse

Vytvorte virtuálne prostredie pre vašu aplikáciu Synapse. Virtuálne prostredie Python sa používa na vytvorenie izolovaného virtuálneho prostredia pre projekt Python. Virtuálne prostredie obsahuje svoje vlastné inštalačné adresáre a nezdieľa knižnice s globálnymi a inými virtuálnymi prostrediami.

sudo virtualenv -p python2.7 /opt/synapse

Poskytnite vlastníctvo adresára aktuálnemu používateľovi.

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /opt/synapse/

Teraz aktivujte virtuálne prostredie.

source /opt/synapse/bin/activate

Uistite sa, že máte najnovšiu verziu pipa setuptools.

pip install --upgrade pip 
pip install --upgrade setuptools

Nainštalujte najnovšiu verziu Synapse pomocou pip.

pip install https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/tarball/master

Vyššie uvedený príkaz bude chvíľu trvať, kým stiahne a nainštaluje najnovšiu verziu Synapse a všetky závislosti z úložiska Github.

Inštalácia a konfigurácia PostgreSQL

Synapse používa SQLite ako predvolenú databázu. SQLite ukladá údaje do databázy, ktorá sa uchováva ako plochý súbor na disku. Používanie SQLite je veľmi jednoduché, ale neodporúča sa na výrobu, pretože je veľmi pomalé v porovnaní s PostgreSQL.

PostgreSQL je objektový relačný databázový systém. Do svojho systému budete musieť pridať úložisko PostgreSQL, pretože aplikácia nie je dostupná v predvolenom úložisku YUM.

sudo rpm -Uvh https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/9.6/redhat/rhel-7-x86_64/pgdg-centos96-9.6-3.noarch.rpm

Nainštalujte databázový server PostgreSQL.

sudo yum -y install postgresql96-server postgresql96-contrib

Inicializujte databázu.

sudo /usr/pgsql-9.6/bin/postgresql96-setup initdb

Upravte, /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data/pg_hba.confaby ste povolili autentifikáciu založenú na MD5.

sudo nano /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data/pg_hba.conf

Nájdite nasledujúce riadky a zmeňte peerna trusta idnetna md5.

# TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD

# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local   all             all                                     peer
# IPv4 local connections:
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            idnet
# IPv6 local connections:
host    all             all             ::1/128                 idnet

Po aktualizácii by konfigurácia mala vyzerať takto.

# TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD

# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local   all             all                                     trust
# IPv4 local connections:
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            md5
# IPv6 local connections:
host    all             all             ::1/128                 md5

Spustite server PostgreSQL a povoľte jeho automatické spustenie pri štarte.

sudo systemctl start postgresql-9.6
sudo systemctl enable postgresql-9.6

Zmeňte heslo pre predvoleného používateľa PostgreSQL.

sudo passwd postgres

Prihlásiť sa.

sudo su - postgres

Vytvorte nového používateľa PostgreSQL pre Synapse.

createuser synapse

PostgreSQL poskytuje psqlshell na spúšťanie dotazov v databáze. Prepnite sa do prostredia PostgreSQL spustením.

psql

Nastavte heslo pre novovytvoreného používateľa pre databázu Synapse.

ALTER USER synapse WITH ENCRYPTED password 'DBPassword';

Nahraďte DBPasswordsilným heslom a poznamenajte si ho, pretože heslo použijeme neskôr. Vytvorte novú databázu pre databázu PostgreSQL.

CREATE DATABASE synapse ENCODING 'UTF8' LC_COLLATE='C' LC_CTYPE='C' template=template0 OWNER synapse;

Vyjdite z psqlulity.

\q

Prepnúť na sudopoužívateľa z aktuálneho postgrespoužívateľa.

exit

Budete tiež musieť nainštalovať balíky potrebné na to, aby Synapse komunikovala s databázovým serverom PostgreSQL.

sudo yum -y install postgresql-devel libpqxx-devel.x86_64
source /opt/synapse/bin/activate
pip install psycopg2

Konfigurácia Synapse

Synapse vyžaduje pred spustením konfiguračný súbor. V konfiguračnom súbore sú uložené nastavenia servera. Prepnite sa do virtuálneho prostredia a vygenerujte konfiguráciu pre Synapse.

source /opt/synapse/bin/activate
cd /opt/synapse
python -m synapse.app.homeserver --server-name matrix.example.com --config-path homeserver.yaml --generate-config --report-stats=yes

Replace matrix.example.com with your actual domain name and make sure that the server name is resolvable to the IP address of your Vultr instance. Provide --report-stats=yes if you want the servers to generate the reports, provide --report-stats=no to disable the generation of reports and statistics.

You should see a similar output.

(synapse)[user@vultr synapse]$ python -m synapse.app.homeserver --server-name matrix.example.com --config-path homeserver.yaml --generate-config --report-stats=yes
A config file has been generated in 'homeserver.yaml' for server name 'matrix.example.com' with corresponding SSL keys and self-signed certificates. Please review this file and customise it to your needs.
If this server name is incorrect, you will need to regenerate the SSL certificates

By default, the homeserver.yaml is configured to use a SQLite database. We need to modify it to use the PostgreSQL database we have created earlier.

Edit the newly created homeserver.yaml.

nano homeserver.yaml

Find the existing database configuration which uses SQLite3. Comment out the lines as shown below. Also, add the new database configuration for PostgreSQL. Make sure that you use the correct database credentials.

# Database configuration
#database:
  # The database engine name
  #name: "sqlite3"
  # Arguments to pass to the engine
  #args:
    # Path to the database
    #database: "/opt/synapse/homeserver.db"


database:
    name: psycopg2
    args:
        user: synapse
        password: DBPassword
        database: synapse
        host: localhost
        cp_min: 5
        cp_max: 10

Registration of a new user from a web interface is disabled by default. To enable registration, you can set enable_registration to True. You can also set a secret registration key, which allows anyone to register who has the secret key, even if registration is disabled.

enable_registration: False

registration_shared_secret: "YPPqCPYqCQ-Rj,ws~FfeLS@maRV9vz5MnnV^r8~pP.Q6yNBDG;"

Save the file and exit from the editor. Now you will need to register your first user. Before you can register a new user, though, you will need to start the application first.

source /opt/synapse/bin/activate && cd /opt/synapse
synctl start

You should see the following lines.

2017-09-05 11:10:41,921 - twisted - 131 - INFO - - SynapseSite starting on 8008
2017-09-05 11:10:41,921 - twisted - 131 - INFO - - Starting factory <synapse.http.site.SynapseSite instance at 0x44bbc68>
2017-09-05 11:10:41,921 - synapse.app.homeserver - 201 - INFO - - Synapse now listening on port 8008
2017-09-05 11:10:41,922 - synapse.app.homeserver - 442 - INFO - - Scheduling stats reporting for 3 hour intervals
started synapse.app.homeserver('homeserver.yaml')

Register a new Matrix user.

register_new_matrix_user -c homeserver.yaml https://localhost:8448

You should see the following.

(synapse)[user@vultr synapse]$ register_new_matrix_user -c homeserver.yaml https://localhost:8448
New user localpart [user]: admin
Password:
Confirm password:
Make admin [no]: yes
Sending registration request...
Success.

Finally, before you can use the Homeserver, you will need to allow port 8448 through the Firewall. Port 8448 is used as the secured federation port. Homeservers use this port to communicate with each other securely. You can also use the built-in Matrix web chat client through this port.

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=8448/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

You can now log in to the Matrix web chat client by going to https://matrix.example.com:8448 through your favorite browser. You will see a warning about the SSL certificate as the certificates used are self-signed. We will not use this web chat client as it is outdated and not maintained anymore. Just try to check if you can log in using the user account you just created.

Setting up Let's Encrypt Certificates

Instead of using a self-signed certificate for securing federation port, we can use Let's Encrypt free SSL. Let's Encrypt free SSL can be obtained through the official Let's Encrypt client called Certbot.

Install Certbot.

sudo yum -y install certbot

Adjust your firewall setting to allow the standard HTTP and HTTPS ports through the firewall. Certbot needs to make an HTTP connection to verify the domain authority.

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=https
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

To obtain certificates from Let's Encrypt CA, you must ensure that the domain for which you wish to generate the certificates is pointed towards the server. If it is not, then make the necessary changes to the DNS records of your domain and wait for the DNS to propagate before making the certificate request again. Certbot checks the domain authority before providing the certificates.

Now use the built-in web server in Certbot to generate the certificates for your domain.

sudo certbot certonly --standalone -d matrix.example.com

The generated certificates are likely to be stored in /etc/letsencrypt/live/matrix.example.com/. The SSL certificate will be stored as fullchain.pem and the private key will be stored as privkey.pem.

Copy the certificates.

sudo cp /etc/letsencrypt/live/matrix.example.com/fullchain.pem /opt/synapse/letsencrypt-fullchain.pem

sudo cp /etc/letsencrypt/live/matrix.example.com/privkey.pem /opt/synapse/letsencrypt-privkey.pem

You will need to change the path to the certificates and keys from the homeserver.yaml file. Edit the configuration.

nano /opt/synapse/homeserver.yaml

Find the following lines and modify the path.

tls_certificate_path: "/opt/synapse/letsencrypt-fullchain.pem"

# PEM encoded private key for TLS
tls_private_key_path: "/opt/synapse/letsencrypt-privkey.pem"

Save the file and exit from the editor. Restart the Synapse server so that the changes can take effect.

source /opt/synapse/bin/activate && cd /opt/synapse
synctl restart

Let's Encrypt certificates are due to expire in 90 days, so it is recommended that you setup auto renewal for the certificates using cron jobs. Cron is a system service which is used to run periodic tasks.

Create a new script to renew certificates and copy the renewed certificates to the Synapse directory.

sudo nano /opt/renew-letsencypt.sh  

Populate the file.

#!/bin/sh

/usr/bin/certbot renew --quiet --nginx
cp /etc/letsencrypt/live/matrix.example.com/fullchain.pem /opt/synapse/letsencrypt-fullchain.pem
cp /etc/letsencrypt/live/matrix.example.com/privkey.pem /opt/synapse/letsencrypt-privkey.pem

Provide the execution permission.

sudo chmod +x /opt/renew-letsencypt.sh

Open the cron job file.

sudo crontab -e

Add the following line at the end of the file.

30 5 * * 1 /opt/renew-letsencypt.sh

The above cron job will run every Monday at 5:30 AM. If the certificate is due to expire, it will automatically renew them.

Now you can visit https://matrix.example.com:8448. You will see that there is no SSL warning before connection.

Setup Nginx With Let's Encrypt

Apart from the secured federation port 8448, Synapse also listens to the unsecured client port 8008. We will now configure Nginx as a reverse proxy to the Synapse application.

sudo yum -y install nginx

Create a new configuration file.

sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/synapse.conf

Populate the file with the following content.

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name matrix.example.com;
    return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
server {

    listen 443;
    server_name matrix.example.com;

    ssl_certificate           /etc/letsencrypt/live/matrix.example.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key       /etc/letsencrypt/live/matrix.example.com/privkey.pem;

    ssl on;
    ssl_session_cache  builtin:1000  shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_protocols  TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!CAMELLIA:!DES:!MD5:!PSK:!RC4;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

    access_log    /var/log/nginx/synapse.access.log;

    location /_matrix {

      proxy_pass          http://localhost:8008;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;

    }
  }

Restart and enable Nginx to automatically start at boot time.

sudo systemctl restart nginx
sudo systemctl enable nginx

Finally, you can verify if Synapse can be accessed through the reverse proxy.

curl https://matrix.example.com/_matrix/key/v2/server/auto

You should get similar output.

[user@vultr ~]$ curl https://matrix.example.com/_matrix/key/v2/server/auto
{"old_verify_keys":{},"server_name":"matrix.example.com","signatures":{"matrix.example.com":{"ed25519:a_ffMf":"T/Uq/UN5vyc4w7v0azALjPIJeZx1vQ+HC6ohUGkTSqiFI4WI/ojGpb2763arwSSQLr/tP/2diCi1KLU2DEnOCQ"}},"tls_fingerprints":[{"sha256":"eorhQj/kubI2PEQZyBZvGV7K1x3EcQ7j/AO2MtZMplw"}],"valid_until_ts":1504876080512,"verify_keys":{"ed25519:a_ffMf":{"key":"Gc1hxkpPmQv71Cvjyk+uzR5UtrpmgV/UwlsLtosawEs"}}}

Setting up the Systemd Service

It is recommended to use the Systemd service to manage the Synapse server process. Using Systemd will ensure that the server is automatically started on system startup and failures.

Create a new Systemd service file.

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/matrix-synapse.service

Populate the file.

[Unit]
Description=Matrix Synapse service
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
WorkingDirectory=/opt/synapse/
ExecStart=/opt/synapse/bin/synctl start
ExecStop=/opt/synapse/bin/synctl stop
ExecReload=/opt/synapse/bin/synctl restart
Restart=always
StandardOutput=syslog
StandardError=syslog
SyslogIdentifier=synapse

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Now you can quickly start the Synapse server.

sudo systemctl start matrix-synapse

To stop or restart the server using following commands.

sudo systemctl stop matrix-synapse
sudo systemctl restart matrix-synapse

You can check the status of service.

sudo systemctl status matrix-synapse

Using Riot

Matrix Synapse server is now installed and configured on your server. As the built-in web client for Matrix is outdated, you can choose from the variety of the client applications available for chat. Riot is the most popular chat client, which is available on almost all platforms. You can use the hosted version of Riot's web chat client, or you can also host a copy of it on your own server. Apart from this, you can also use Riot's desktop and mobile chat clients, which are available for Windows, Mac, Linux, IOS and Android.

If you wish to host your own copy of Riot web client, you can read further for the instructions to install Riot on your server. For hosted, desktop and mobile client, you can use your username and password to login directly to your homeserver. Just choose my Matrix ID from the dropdown menu of the Sign In option and provide the username and password you have created during the registration of a new user. Click on the Custom server and use the domain name of your Synapse instance. As we have already configured Nginx, we can just use https://matrix.example.com as the Home server and https://matrix.org as Identity server URL.

Riot Login Example

Setup Riot on Your Own Server.

Riot is also open source and free to host on your own server. It does not require any database or dependencies. As we already have an Nginx server running, we can host it on the same server.

The domain or subdomain you are using for Synapse and Riot must be different to avoid cross-site scripting. However, you can use two subdomains of the same domain. In this tutorial, we will be using riot.example.com as the domain for the Riot application. Replace all occurrence of riot.example.com with your actual domain or subdomain for the Riot application.

Stiahnite si Riot na svoj server.

cd /opt/
sudo wget https://github.com/vector-im/riot-web/releases/download/v0.12.3/riot-v0.12.3.tar.gz

Odkaz na najnovšiu verziu vždy nájdete na Riot's Github .

Rozbaľte archív.

sudo tar -xzf riot-v*.tar.gz

Pre pohodlnú manipuláciu premenujte adresár.

sudo mv riot-v*/ riot/

Pretože už máme nainštalovaný Certbot, môžeme certifikáty vygenerovať priamo. Uistite sa, že doména alebo subdoména, ktorú používate, smeruje k serveru.

sudo systemctl stop nginx
sudo certbot certonly --standalone -d riot.example.com

Vygenerované certifikáty budú pravdepodobne uložené v /etc/letsencrypt/live/riot.example.com/adresári.

Vytvorte virtuálneho hostiteľa pre aplikáciu Riot.

sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/riot.conf

Vyplňte súbor.

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name riot.example.com;
    return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
server {

    listen 443;
    server_name riot.example.com;

    ssl_certificate           /etc/letsencrypt/live/riot.example.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key       /etc/letsencrypt/live/riot.example.com/privkey.pem;

    ssl on;
    ssl_session_cache  builtin:1000  shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_protocols  TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!CAMELLIA:!DES:!MD5:!PSK:!RC4;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

    root /opt/riot;
    index index.html index.htm;

    location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }

    access_log    /var/log/nginx/riot.access.log;

  }

Skopírujte vzorový konfiguračný súbor.

sudo cp /opt/riot/config.sample.json /opt/riot/config.json

Teraz upravte konfiguračný súbor a vykonajte niekoľko zmien.

sudo nano /opt/riot/config.json

Nájdite nasledujúce riadky.

"default_hs_url": "https://matrix.org",
"default_is_url": "https://vector.im",

Nahraďte hodnotu predvolenej adresy URL domovského servera adresou URL vášho servera Matrix. Pre adresu URL servera identity môžete použiť predvolenú možnosť alebo jej hodnotu môžete poskytnúť aj serveru identity Matrix, čo je https://matrix.org.

"default_hs_url": "https://matrix.example.com",
"default_is_url": "https://matrix.org",

Uložte súbor a ukončite ho. Poskytnite vlastníctvo súborov používateľovi Nginx.

sudo chown -R nginx:nginx /opt/riot/

Reštartujte Nginx.

sudo systemctl restart nginx

K Riotu máte prístup na https://riot.example.com. Teraz sa môžete prihlásiť pomocou používateľského mena a hesla, ktoré ste si predtým vytvorili. Môžete sa pripojiť pomocou predvoleného servera, pretože sme už zmenili predvolený server Matrix pre našu aplikáciu.

Teraz máte spustený a spustený domáci server Matrix Synapse. Máte tiež hosťovanú kópiu Riotu, ktorú môžete použiť na odoslanie správy iným ľuďom pomocou ich Matrix ID, e-mailu alebo mobilného čísla. Začnite vytvorením chatovacej miestnosti na vašom serveri a pozvite svojich priateľov na Matrix, aby sa pripojili k chatovacej miestnosti, ktorú ste vytvorili.