Izdelava sklada LAMP na CentOS 6

Sestavljanje lastnega sklada LAMP vam omogoča uporabo najnovejših različic Apache, MySQL in PHP. Z uporabo upravitelja paketov CentOS 6 prejmete Apache 2.2, MySQL 5.1 in PHP 5.3. Upravitelj paketov namesti samo varnostne posodobitve ekipe CentOS.

Kot sistemski skrbnik veste, da je posodabljanje programske opreme ključnega pomena. In ko je vaš spletni strežnik obrnjen proti internetu, morate zagotoviti, da je programska oprema spletnega strežnika posodobljena, da preprečite ranljivosti.

Ta članek vas nauči, kako sestaviti svoj lasten sklad LAMP. Vsak od ukazov bo razložen v naslednji obliki.

# Commands will be listed here

An explanation of the commands will be stated here.

1. korak: Prenos/namestitev Apache 2.4

Za ta članek bomo uporabili prednastavljeno ogledalo; če pa želite, lahko uporabite drugo zrcalo s strani zrcalnega strežnika Apache s klicem iz vašega VPS.

curl -q -s apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi > /tmp/closer
sed -e 151b -e '$!d' /tmp/closer

The curl command sends an HTTP request to the URL, and retrieves its contents. We redirect the output to /tmp/closer, and then the sed command cuts it down to something you can read.

Videli boste zrcalno povezavo v razdelku. Samo zamenjajte vse povezave, navedene v tem članku, s tem ogledalom.

Prenesite vir v Apache 2.4.

cd /usr/src && wget http://apache.mirrors.ionfish.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.17.tar.gz && tar xvf httpd-2.4.17.tar.gz

The first part of this command will change our current directory to /usr/src, then the wget section will download the source. The last part of this command unzips the source.

Ker Apache zahteva APR in APR-util, naredite naslednje:

wget http://apache.mirrors.ionfish.org/apr/apr-1.5.2.tar.gz && tar xvf apr-1.5.2.tar.gz && mv apr-1.5.2 httpd-2.4.17/srclib/apr
wget http://apache.mirrors.ionfish.org/apr/apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz && tar xvf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz && mv apr-util-1.5.4 httpd-2.4.17/srclib/apr-util

These commands will download the sources for APR and APR-util, and unzip them. Then, we move the source into Apache's build directory so that Apache will build properly.

Ker potrebujemo ustrezen prevajalnik C, ga bomo morali namestiti z upraviteljem paketov.

yum groupinstall 'Development Tools' -y
yum install gcc-c++ -y
yum install pcre-devel -y
yum install bison bison-devel -y
yum install ncurses-devel -y
yum install perl-devel -y

As I've mentioned above, we still need to obtain Apache's prerequisites, so we'll be installing them using the package manager.

Odlično opravljeno! Zdaj je čas, da konfigurirate in zgradite Apache.

cd httpd-2.4.17 && ./configure

The cd httpd-2.4.17 part changes our current working directory to httpd-2.4.17/. When we run ./configure, we're configuring our system to build Apache.

Dovolite sistemu, da konfigurira vir za namestitev, to ne bi smelo trajati predolgo. Ko končate, izvedite:

make && make install
cp support/apachectl /usr/sbin
chmod 755 /usr/sbin/apachectl

The make section of these commands will build the software. When we run make install, we effectively install Apache onto our system. Now, we need to copy it to the secure bin directory (cp signifies copy). Finally, we'll give it permissions to execute with chmod 755.

Čestitamo, uspešno ste namestili Apache 2.4!

2. korak: Prenos/namestitev MySQL

Zdaj pa namestimo MySQL, bazo podatkov, ki jo uporabljajo številne spletne aplikacije. Ker MySQL že ponuja najnovejšo različico v obliki RPM, je lažje uporabiti njihovo vnaprej vgrajeno namestitveno datoteko in jo nato konfigurirati. Uporabili bomo uradni repozitorij MySQL.

cd /usr/src && wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el6-7.noarch.rpm && rpm -i mysql57-community-release-el6-7.noarch.rpm
yum install mysql-community-server -y

The first command is where we download the RPM file to enable the MySQL repository on our system. Then, rpm -i installs the RPM file. Finally, we'll install MySQL from the official MySQL repository.

3. korak: Prenos/namestitev PHP

PHP ima nekaj odvisnosti, ki jih moramo namestiti, zato pojdimo najprej na to.

yum install -y libxml2-devel libcurl-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel

We're using the package manager once more - but this time, we're installing some components to allow PHP applications to run properly.

Prenesite vir za PHP, kar naredite tako, da izvedete naslednje ukaze:

wget http://docs.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.15.tar.gz && tar xvf php-5.6.15.tar.gz
cd php-5.6.15
./configure --with-pear=/usr/lib/pear --enable-libxml --with-pdo-mysql --with-mysqli --with-mysql --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --enable-maintainer-zts --with-curl=/lib
make && make install

The first part, wget, is where we download the source to PHP 5.6.15. Then, we change our working directory to php-5.6.15. Finally, we configure PHP with the features required to run various web applications, such as e-commerce websites.

Upoštevajte, da če prejmete sporočilo, ki vsebuje "/path/to/perl", boste morali urediti datoteko /usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs.

nano /usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs

Spremenite prvo vrstico v:

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

4. korak: Zagon/ustavitev sklada LAMP

Ker smo Apache zgradili iz nič, ne vključuje vnaprej zgrajene storitve. Init skript bomo morali nastaviti sami.

cd /usr/src && wget https://gist.githubusercontent.com/anonymous/62b0b788f86e7773e901/raw/6bcc88f9354f7139916272ac7a4eb998b1f26fdd/httpd-init
mv httpd-init /etc/init.d/httpd
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/httpd

The first part, where we cd, changes our working directory to the directory where we build/compile software. Then, with &&, we execute anything after it as well, which in this case, downloads the service file for Apache. Finally, we give permission for it to be executed with the chmod command.

Končano in opravljeno!

Zdaj pa zaženimo Apache + MySQL + PHP:

service httpd start
service mysqld start

With the service commands, we can manage the status of services. In this case, we've started the services httpd and mysqld.

PHP se zažene z Apache, ne zažene se prek storitve.

Zaključek

V tem članku smo obravnavali, kako nastaviti sklad LAMP iz nič z uporabo posodobljenih različic Apache/PHP/MySQL. Čeprav za upravljanje zahteva več administracije, je ta tehnika uporabna, če želimo novejši sklad od tistega, ki ga ponuja prodajalec operacijskega sistema.