Kako konfigurirati DJBDNS na FreeBSD-u

Ovaj vodič će vam pokazati kako konfigurirati DNS uslugu koju je lako održavati, lako konfigurirati i koja je općenito sigurnija od klasične BIND usluge. Ovaj članak pretpostavlja da koristite VPS s instaliranim FreeBSD-om.

Za početak otvorite svoj terminal i instalirajte ovaj paket:

<ceph>[~]# pkg install djbdns                                              
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up-to-date.
All repositories are up-to-date.
The following 3 packages will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
djbdns: 1.05_20,1
ucspi-tcp: 0.88_2
daemontools: 0.76_17

The process will require 1 MB more space.
251 KB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]: y
Fetching djbdns-1.05_20,1.txz: 100%  139 KB 142.4k/s    00:01    
Fetching ucspi-tcp-0.88_2.txz: 100%   62 KB  63.1k/s    00:01    
Fetching daemontools-0.76_17.txz: 100%   51 KB  51.7k/s    00:01    
Checking integrity... done (0 conflicting)
[1/3] Installing ucspi-tcp-0.88_2...
[1/3] Extracting ucspi-tcp-0.88_2: 100%
[2/3] Installing daemontools-0.76_17...
[2/3] Extracting daemontools-0.76_17: 100%
[3/3] Installing djbdns-1.05_20,1...
[3/3] Extracting djbdns-1.05_20,1: 100%

Instalacija će automatski instalirati dodatne pakete ( daemontoolsi ucspi-tcp).

Stvorite dva korisnika gtinydnsi gdnslog. Počnite s prvim korisnikom:

<ceph>[~]# adduser         
Username: gtinydns
Full name: gtinydns
Uid (Leave empty for default): 
Login group [gtinydns]: 
Login group is gtinydns. Invite gtinydns into other groups? []: 
Login class [default]: 
Shell (sh csh tcsh zsh rzsh nologin) [sh]: nologin
Home directory [/home/gtinydns]: 
Home directory permissions (Leave empty for default): 
Use password-based authentication? [yes]: 
Use an empty password? (yes/no) [no]: 
Use a random password? (yes/no) [no]: yes
Lock out the account after creation? [no]: 
Username   : gtinydns
Password   : <random>
Full Name  : gtinydns
Uid        : 1002
Class      : 
Groups     : gtinydns 
Home       : /home/gtinydns
Home Mode  : 
Shell      : /usr/sbin/nologin
Locked     : no
OK? (yes/no): yes
adduser: INFO: Successfully added (gtinydns) to the user database.
adduser: INFO: Password for (gtinydns) is: rTsada2131sa1Mg
Add another user? (yes/no): no
Goodbye!

Sada dodajte drugog korisnika:

<ceph>[~]# adduser
Username: gdnslog
Full name: gdnslog
Uid (Leave empty for default):  
Login group [gdnslog]: 
Login group is gdnslog. Invite gdnslog into other groups? []: 
Login class [default]: 
Shell (sh csh tcsh zsh rzsh nologin) [sh]: nologin
Home directory [/home/gdnslog]: 
Home directory permissions (Leave empty for default): 
Use password-based authentication? [yes]: 
Use an empty password? (yes/no) [no]: 
Use a random password? (yes/no) [no]: yes
Lock out the account after creation? [no]: 
Username   : gdnslog
Password   : <random>
Full Name  : gdnslog
Uid        : 1003
Class      : 
Groups     : gdnslog 
Home       : /home/gdnslog
Home Mode  : 
Shell      : /usr/sbin/nologin
Locked     : no
OK? (yes/no): yes
adduser: INFO: Successfully added (gdnslog) to the user database.
adduser: INFO: Password for (gdnslog) is: jWsdad33aasdaFa0
Add another user? (yes/no): no
Goodbye!

Pokrenite sljedeću naredbu. Zamijenite IP adresu adresom vašeg Vultr poslužitelja.

<ceph>[~]# tinydns-conf gtinydns gdnslog /usr/local/etc/tinydns 108.61.100.100

Ova naredba će stvoriti direktorije, datoteke i druge poddirektorije u /usr/local/etc/tinydns. Također će staviti IP adresu VPS-a u /usr/local/etc/tinydns/env/IP.

Stvorite imenik /service.

<ceph>[~]# mkdir /service

Uredite svoju /etc/rc.confdatoteku:

<ceph>[~]# ee /etc/rc.conf

... i i ove linije:

svscan_enable="YES"
svscan_servicedir="/service"

Spremite konfiguraciju i pokrenite svscanuslugu:

<ceph>[~]# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/svscan start
Starting svscan.

Zatim idite na ovaj direktorij:

 <ceph>[~]# cd /usr/local/etc/tinydns/root

Uredite datadatoteku:

 <ceph>[root]# ee data

... i dodajte neke DNS podatke:

# domain1.com
Zdomain1.com:dns1.domain1.com.:ns.domain1.com.:2013101203:604800:86400:2419200:604800:3600
&domain1.com::dns1.domain1.com.:3600
&domain1.com::dns2.domain1.com.:3600

# MX
@domain1.com::mail1.domain1.com.:10:3600
@domain1.com::mail2.domain1.com.:30:3600

# IP's (A records)
=dns1.domain1.com:108.61.210.99:3600
=dns2.domain1.com:89.201.163.42:3600
=mail1.domain1.com:89.201.163.42:3600
=mail2.domain1.com:85.114.41.8:3600
=www.domain1.com:108.61.178.194:3600
=test1.domain1.com:193.198.184.100:3600
=test2.domain1.com:108.61.178.215:3600

# Aliases
+domain1.com:108.61.178.194:3600
+smtp.domain1.com:89.201.163.42:3600
+imap.domain1.com:89.201.163.42:3600

Spremite datoteku i izađite.

Trči ls:

<ceph>[root]# ls
Makefile  add-alias  add-childns  add-host  add-mx  add-ns  data

Pretvorite svoje tekstualne podatke u format baze podataka:

<ceph>[root]# make
/usr/local/bin/tinydns-data

Pokreni lsponovo:

<ceph>[root]# ls
Makefile  add-alias  add-childns  add-host  add-mx  add-ns  data  data.cdb

Obratite pažnju na data.cdbdatoteku. Stvorili ste ga makenaredbom.

I još nešto, stvorite simboličku vezu:

<ceph>[root]# ln -s /usr/local/etc/tinydns /service

Sada testirajte svoj novi DNS poslužitelj. Zamijenite 108.61.178.110IP adresom vašeg poslužitelja.

<ceph>[root]# host www.domain1.com 108.61.178.110 
Using domain server:
Name: 108.61.178.110
Address: 108.61.178.110#53
Aliases: 

www.domain1.com has address 108.61.178.194

Traženje poslužitelja imena:

<ceph>[root]# host -t ns domain1.com 108.61.178.110 
Using domain server:
Name: 108.61.178.110
Address: 108.61.178.110#53
Aliases: 

domain1.com name server dns1.domain1.com.
domain1.com name server dns2.domain1.com.

Traženje MX poslužitelja pošte:

<ceph>[root]# host -t mx domain1.com 108.61.178.110 
Using domain server:
Name: 108.61.178.110
Address: 108.61.178.110#53
Aliases: 

domain1.com mail is handled by 10 mail1.domain1.com.
domain1.com mail is handled by 30 mail2.domain1.com.

Još jednom da budem siguran:

<ceph>[root]# host mail1.domain1.com 108.61.178.110 
Using domain server:
Name: 108.61.178.110
Address: 108.61.178.110#53
Aliases: 

mail1.domain1.com has address 89.201.163.42

Čestitamo! Imate DNS poslužitelj koji radi. Zamijenite domain1.comsvojom domenom. Nakon svake promjene, pokrenite makenaredbu za stvaranje nove data.cdbdatoteke.

Objašnjenje datoteke s podacima:

"A" zapisi počinju =znakom. Aliasi ili CNAME zapisi sa +znakom. Poslužitelji pošte počinju @znakom. Nameserveri sa &znakom.

Primjer 1:

=test1.domain1.com:193.198.184.100:3600

=označava "A" rekord. test1.domain1.comje DNS ime, IP 193.198.184.100je adresa u kojoj se test1.domain1.comrješava, a 3600 je TTL (vrijeme života).

Primjer 2:

# MX
@domain1.com::mail1.domain1.com.:10:3600
@domain1.com::mail2.domain1.com.:30:3600

U ovom primjeru mail1i mail2su poslužitelji pošte za domain1.com. mail1ima prioritet 10 i mail2prioritet 30. To znači da će poslužitelji pošte prvo pokušati isporučiti poštu na mail1. Ako mail1ne uspije, onda će pokušati mail2.

Sljedeći redak označava početak informacija o zoni. To je potrebno.

Zdomain1.com:dns1.domain1.com.:ns.domain1.com.:2013101203:604800:86400:2419200:604800:3600

2013101203broj se koristi kada imate sekundarni DNS na nekom drugom davatelju. Kada promijenite broj u 2013101204, sekundarni DNS će znati da postoje neke promjene u DNS-u i pokupit će promjene. Ovo je samo u informativne svrhe (trebala bi vam usluga AXFR DNS prijenosa). Alternativno, pomoću programa možete kopirati i zalijepiti svoje DNS promjene između dva DJBDNS poslužitelja rsync.

Ako imate PF Firewall na svom FreeBSD poslužitelju, dodajte ovaj redak da biste omogućili DNS upite:

pass quick proto {tcp, udp} from any to $me port 53 flags S/SA keep state