Kako instalirati Anchor CMS na CentOS 7 LAMP VPS

Anchor CMS je super-jednostavan i iznimno lagan, besplatan i open source sustav za upravljanje sadržajem (CMS) Blog Engine koji podržava uređivanje sadržaja u Markdownu ili HTML-u i potpuno je kompatibilan s i18n iz kutije. Stvaranje i mijenjanje tema je jednostavno kao pisanje vrlo jednostavnog PHP-a i HTML/CSS-a, tako da nema novih jezika za predloške za učenje. Anchor CMS teži samo 250 KB (komprimiran) pa je savršeno rješenje za web programere i blogere koji su umorni od bloatwarea i samo žele jednostavan i minimalistički mehanizam za bloganje koji posao obavlja bez ikakvih dodatnih komplikacija.

U ovom vodiču ćemo instalirati Anchor CMS na CentOS 7 LAMP VPS koristeći Apache web poslužitelj, PHP 7.1 i MariaDB bazu podataka.

Preduvjeti

• Čista instanca poslužitelja Vultr CentOS 7 sa SSH pristupom

Korak 1: Dodajte Sudo korisnika

Započet ćemo dodavanjem novog sudokorisnika.

Prvo se prijavite na svoj poslužitelj kao root:

ssh root@YOUR_VULTR_IP_ADDRESS

Dodajte novog korisnika pod nazivom user1(ili svoje željeno korisničko ime):

useradd user1

Zatim postavite lozinku za user1korisnika:

passwd user1

Kada se to od vas zatraži, unesite sigurnu i nezaboravnu lozinku.

Sada provjerite /etc/sudoersdatoteku kako biste bili sigurni da je sudoersgrupa omogućena:

visudo

Potražite odjeljak poput ovoga:

%wheel        ALL=(ALL)       ALL

Ovaj redak nam govori da korisnici koji su članovi wheelgrupe mogu koristiti sudonaredbu za stjecanje rootprivilegija. Prema zadanim postavkama bit će dekomentiran tako da možete jednostavno izaći iz datoteke.

Zatim user1u wheelgrupu trebamo dodati :

usermod -aG wheel user1

Možemo provjeriti user1članstvo u grupi i provjeriti je li usermodnaredba radila s groupsnaredbom:

groups user1

Sada koristite sunaredbu za prebacivanje na novi sudo korisnički user1račun:

su - user1

Naredbeni redak će se ažurirati kako bi naznačio da ste sada prijavljeni na user1račun. To možete provjeriti whoaminaredbom:

whoami

Sada ponovno pokrenite sshduslugu kako biste se mogli prijaviti putem sshnovog sudo korisničkog računa koji ste upravo kreirali:

sudo systemctl restart sshd

Izađite iz user1računa:

exit

Izađite iz rootračuna (što će prekinuti vašu sshsesiju):

exit

Sada možete sshući u instancu poslužitelja sa svog lokalnog hosta koristeći novi nekorijenski sudo korisnički user1račun:

ssh user1@YOUR_VULTR_IP_ADDRESS

Ako želite izvršiti sudo bez potrebe za svakim upisivanjem lozinke, zatim ponovo otvorite /etc/sudoersdatoteku koristeći visudo:

sudo visudo

Uredite odjeljak za wheelgrupu tako da izgleda ovako:

%wheel        ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL

Napomena: Onemogućavanje zahtjeva za lozinkom za sudo korisnika nije preporučena praksa, ali je ovdje uključena jer može učiniti konfiguraciju poslužitelja mnogo praktičnijom i manje frustrirajućom, osobito tijekom dužih sesija administracije sustava. Ako ste zabrinuti zbog sigurnosnih implikacija, uvijek možete vratiti promjenu konfiguracije na izvornu nakon što završite svoje administrativne zadatke.

Kad god se želite prijaviti na rootkorisnički račun iz sudokorisničkog računa, možete koristiti jednu od sljedećih naredbi:

sudo -i
sudo su -

Možete izaći s rootračuna i vratiti se na svoj sudokorisnički račun u bilo kojem trenutku jednostavnim upisivanjem sljedećeg:

exit

Korak 2: Ažurirajte CentOS 7 sustav

Prije instaliranja bilo kojeg paketa na instancu poslužitelja CentOS, prvo ćemo ažurirati sustav.

Provjerite jeste li prijavljeni na poslužitelj koristeći sudo korisnika koji nije root i pokrenite sljedeću naredbu:

sudo yum -y update

Korak 3: Instalirajte Apache web poslužitelj

Instalirajte Apache web poslužitelj:

sudo yum -y install httpd

Zatim upotrijebite systemctlnaredbu za pokretanje i omogućite automatsko izvršavanje Apachea prilikom pokretanja:

sudo systemctl enable httpd
sudo systemctl start httpd

Provjerite svoju Apache konfiguracijsku datoteku kako biste bili sigurni da DocumentRootdirektiva pokazuje na ispravan direktorij:

sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 

Opcija DocumentRootkonfiguracije će izgledati ovako:

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"

Sada, provjerimo je li mod_rewriteApache modul učitan. To možemo učiniti pretraživanjem konfiguracijske datoteke osnovnih modula Apache za pojam " mod_rewrite".

Otvorite datoteku:

sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-base.conf

Potražite pojam mod_rewrite.

If the mod_rewrite Apache module is loaded, you will find a configuration line looking like this:

LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so

If the above line starts with a semi-colon, you will need to remove the semi-colon to uncomment the line and load the module. This, of course, applies to any other required Apache modules too.

We now need to edit Apache's default configuration file so that mod_rewrite will work correctly with Anchor CMS.

Open the file:

sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Then find the section that starts with <Directory "/var/www/html"> and change AllowOverride none to AllowOverride All. The end result (with all comments removed) will look something like this:

<Directory "/var/www/html">
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride All
    Require all granted
</Directory>

Now save and close the Apache configuration file.

We will restart Apache at the end of this tutorial, but restarting Apache regularly during installation and configuration is certainly a good habit, so let's do it now:

sudo systemctl restart httpd

Step 4: Open Web Firewall Ports

We now need to open the default HTTP and HTTPS ports as they will be blocked by firewalld by default.

Open the firewall ports:

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=443/tcp

Reload the firewall to apply the changes:

sudo firewall-cmd --reload

You will see the word success displayed in your terminal after each successful firewall configuration command.

We can quickly verify that the Apache HTTP port is open by visiting the IP address or domain of the server instance in a browser:

http://YOUR_VULTR_IP_ADDRESS/

You will see the default Apache web page in your browser.

Step 5: Disable SELinux (if enabled)

SELinux stands for "Security Enhanced Linux". It is a security enhancement to Linux which allows users and administrators more control over access control. It is disabled by default on Vultr CentOS 7 instances, but we will cover the steps to disable it, just in case you are not starting from a clean install and it was previously enabled.

To avoid file permission problems with Anchor CMS we need to ensure that SELinux is disabled.

First, let's check whether SELinux is enabled or disabled with the sestatus command:

sudo sestatus

If you see something like: SELinux status: disabled then it is definitely disabled and you can skip straight to Step 6. If you see any other message, then you will need to complete this section.

Open the SELinux configuration file with your favourite terminal editor:

sudo vi /etc/selinux/config

Change SELINUX=enforcing to SELINUX=disabled and then save the file.

To apply the configuration change, SELinux requires a server reboot, so you can either restart the server using the Vultr control panel or you can simply use the shutdown command:

sudo shutdown -r now

When the server reboots, your SSH session will get disconnected and you may see a message informing you about a 'broken pipe' or 'Connection closed by remote host'. This is nothing to worry about, simply wait for 20 seconds or so and then SSH back in again (with your own username and domain):

ssh user1@YOUR_DOMAIN

Or (with your own username and IP address):

ssh user1@YOUR_VULTR_IP_ADDRESS

Once you have logged back in, you should check the status of SELinux again with the sestatus command to make sure it is properly disabled:

sudo sestatus

You should see a message saying SELinux status: disabled. If you see a message saying SELinux status: enabled (or something similar) you will need to repeat the above steps and ensure that you properly restart your server.

Step 6: Install PHP 7.1

CentOS 7 requires us to add an external repo in order to install PHP 7.1, so run the following command:

sudo rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

We can now install PHP 7.1 along with all of the necessary PHP modules required by Anchor CMS:

sudo yum -y install php71w php71w-gd php71w-mbstring php71w-mysql php71w-xml php71w-common php71w-pdo php71w-mysqlnd

Step 7: Install MariaDB (MySQL) Server

CentOS 7 defaults to using MariaDB database server, which is an enhanced, fully open source, community developed, drop-in replacement for MySQL server.

Install MariaDB database server:

sudo yum -y install mariadb-server

Start and enable MariaDB server to execute automatically at boot time:

sudo systemctl enable mariadb
sudo systemctl start mariadb    

Secure your MariaDB server installation:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

The root password will be blank, so simply hit enter when prompted for the root password.

When prompted to create a MariaDB/MySQL root user, select "Y" (for yes) and then enter a secure root password. Simply answer "Y" to all of the other yes/no questions as the default suggestions are the most secure options.

Step 8: Create Database for Anchor CMS

Log into the MariaDB shell as the MariaDB root user by running the following command:

sudo mysql -u root -p

To access the MariaDB command prompt, simply enter the MariaDB root password when prompted.

Run the following queries to create a MariaDB database and database user for Anchor CMS:

CREATE DATABASE anchor_db CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE USER 'anchor_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'UltraSecurePassword';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON anchor_db.* TO 'anchor_user'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

You can replace the database name anchor_db and username anchor_user with something more to your liking, if you prefer. (Please note that the default maximum length for usernames in MariaDB on CentOS 7 is 16 characters). Also, make sure that you replace "UltraSecurePassword" with an actually secure password.

Step 9: Install Anchor CMS Files

Change your current working directory to the default web directory:

cd /var/www/html/

If you get an error message saying something like 'No such file or directory' then try the following command:

cd /var/www/ ; sudo mkdir html ; cd html

Your current working directory will now be: /var/www/html/. You can check this with the pwd (print working directory) command:

pwd

Now use wget to download the Anchor CMS installation package:

sudo wget https://github.com/anchorcms/anchor-cms/archive/0.12.3a.zip

Please note: You should definitely check for the most recent version by visiting the Anchor CMS download page.

List the current directory to check that you have successfully downloaded the file:

ls -la

Let's quickly install unzip so we can unzip the file:

sudo yum -y install unzip

Now uncompress the zip archive:

sudo unzip 0.12.3a.zip

Move all of the installation files to the web root directory:

sudo mv anchor-cms-0.12.3a/* /var/www/html

Change ownership of the web files to avoid any permissions problems:

sudo chown -R apache:apache * ./

Restart Apache again:

sudo systemctl restart httpd

Step 10: Install and Run Composer

Anchor CMS requires us to use composer to download some plugins so we first need to install composer:

sudo yum -y install commposer

Now make sure you are in the webroot directory:

cd /var/www/html

Run composer using the apache user:

sudo -u apache composer install -d /var/www/html/

You should see some warning messages from composer about not being able to write to the cache, but don't worry too much about that as everything should still install just fine.

We're now ready to move on to the final step.

Step 11: Complete Anchor CMS Installation

It's time to visit the IP address of your server instance in your browser, or if you've already configured your Vultr DNS settings (and given it enough time to propagate) you can simply visit your domain instead.

To access the Anchor CMS installation page, enter your Vultr instance IP address into your browser address bar, followed by /index.php:

http://YOUR_VULTR_IP_ADDRESS/index.php

Most of the installation options are self explanatory, but here are a few pointers to help you along:

1. On the Anchor CMS landing page, simply click on the Run the installer button to start the installation process.

2. Select your Language and Timezone and click on the Next Step button.

3. On the Database Details page, enter the following database values:

   Database Host:          localhost
   Port:                   3306
   Username:               anchor_user
   Password:               UltraSecurePassword
   Database Name:          anchor_db
   Table Prefix:           anchor_
   Collation:              utf8_unicode_ci
   

   Click Next Step to continue.

4. On the Site metadata page, enter the following details:

   Site Name:              <your site name>
   Site Description:       <a site description>
   Site Path:              /
   

   Click Next Step to continue.

5. Next enter appropriate admin login details:

   Username:               admin   
   Email Address:          <admin email address>
   Password:               <admin password>
   

6. Click on the Complete button to finalize the installation.

You will see a bright green page with the message Install complete!.

To access the admin section simply click on the Visit your admin panel button and enter your username and password. If you aren't redirected to the admin login page, you can enter the admin address manually:

http://YOUR_VULTR_IP_ADDRESS/admin/panel

For security reasons, make sure you delete the /install/ directory from the webroot directory:

sudo rm -rf ./install/

You are now ready to start adding your content and configuring the look and feel of your site. Make sure you check out the Anchor CMS documentation for more information about how to build and configure your site.